Survey: About half of buy now, pay later users have experienced issues like overspending and missing payments

Burdened by inflation and stubborn rates, many consumers are tightening their budgets and turning to payment methods to spread out their cash flow. The appeal of buy now, pay later (BNPL) is strong, with easier access to credit, predictable payment plans and no interest rate.

BNPL doesn’t come without its problems. Bankrate’s new Buy Now, Pay Later Survey found that about half of BNPL users have encountered at least one issue, including missing a payment or overspending.

The study suggests that people can use BNPL strategically, but it’s best used as a helpful financial tool when paired with good financial habits. The ability to buy on impulse and break costs down into more digestible payments can muddy the terms of the service and the true cost of the product. It takes patience and planning when using these services to avoid paying for it later — in more ways than one.

We reached out to Afterpay, American Express, Klarna and PayPal for comment on the state of the BNPL, but the companies declined to comment or did not respond at the time of this writing. A spokesperson for Affirm replied and advised potential borrowers to make sure they understand their terms, as no two BNPL options are the same.

30 percent of Americans have used at least one BNPL service

The concept of buy now, pay later has existed since the 1800s, moving from installment plans to layaway programs and credit cards. Now with the boom in online shopping, BNPL apps and services have become more popular. The survey found that 30 percent of Americans have used at least one BNPL service.

While there are several companies in the space, there are four that rank highest in popularity, according to Bankrate. When asked, “Which BNPL have you ever used?”, more customers said:

• PayPal Pay In 4/Pay Later (15 percent)
• Affirm (11 percent)
• Afterpay (9 percent)
• Klarna (9 percent)

There are other BNPL companies, such as traditional credit card brands, but these products aren’t as popular among Americans as new fintechs. Only three percent of users have used American Express Plan It and/or Chase Pay Over Time (formerly My Chase Plan). While four percent of Americans have used Apple Pay Later, that service no longer exists since it was shuttered in June 2024.

BNPL usage was about the same across income levels

With many Americans living paycheck to paycheck, BNPL can be a financing option when money is tight, but lower-income earners aren’t the only ones using the service. With websites, apps and even debit cards, BNPL services make payment accessible and convenient for users, regardless of income. With BNPL options available at checkout, the services meet customers where they are.

Bankrate’s findings show that BNPL usage is consistent across all income levels with slight differences. The survey found that usage between the highest annual household income bracket ($100,000+) and the lowest (under $50,000) were the same at 31 percent.

57 percent of users used a BNPL service to pay in installments

As its name suggests, BNPL allows you to make a purchase when you want to and pay it off later, typically through smaller, interest-free payments over a short period of time, making it extremely popular. Among all users, 57 percent used the service because they wanted to pay in installments. This is the most popular reason among baby boomers (69 percent among those 61-79), a generation that includes retirees living on a fixed income.

The appeal of BNPL goes beyond smaller payments. Additional reasons for using BNPL included low or no interest rate (40 percent), payment predictability (31 percent) and the ease of obtaining credit (26 percent).

Being able to spread the payment out, a low (or no) interest rate and the ability to obtain credit were the top three reasons millennials (age 29-44) and Gen Zers (age 18-28) used this service. These two generations were also the ones to use BNPL the most, with 38 percent of Gen Z and 37 percent of millennials using at least one service.

Those who fall into this group are likely early in their professional careers, have younger credit histories and may be more tech-savvy than older generations. They’re also some of the most active on social media, a space on the internet riddled with posts and ads that lead to impulse purchases. According to Bankrate’s Social Media survey, 48 percent of social media users say they have impulsively purchased a product they saw on social media.

49 percent of users have experienced problems related to the service, particularly Gen Z

Of the U.S. adults who have used a BNPL service, 49 percent said they have experienced at least one problem. Most issues were related to a user’s experience post-purchase, not necessarily technical issues encountered while using a specific app, showing the bigger problems of BNPL.

The most common issues users experienced were spending more than they should have (24 percent), missing a payment (16 percent) and regretting a purchase (15 percent).

Gen Z users of BNPL services are by far more likely to have experienced problems with 66 percent of users facing at least one issue related to the service. Fifty-seven percent of millennials have also had trouble when using BNPL.

Conversely, older generations seem to have a better experience. Over half of Gen Xers (64 percent) and boomers (69 percent) said they hadn’t faced any issues related to the service.

Overspending was the most common issue across all generations and income levels

Overspending was the most common issue for BNPL, regardless of income or age.

There are a few ways BNPL can lead to overspending, including the following:

• Smaller payments
  

  Having a small initial payment, followed by small, fixed payments for a set period of time can feel like you aren’t paying as much for a product. You focus on those smaller payments for a set period of time instead of the total cost. This can make a product seem less expensive than it is. “It’s important to…evaluate the total cost of ownership, not just the monthly or biweekly installments,” says Rossman.

• Impulse buying
  

  These services are often used for impulse purchases, meaning you weren’t planning on spending any money when you decided to buy the product.

• Late fees
  

  If you make a late payment (the second most experienced issue among users), you may also pay more for the product through late fees, which may cost a flat dollar amount or a percentage of the purchase price. Keep in mind that while some BNPL services don’t charge late fees, they may report late payments to the credit reporting agencies, causing your score to drop and making it more difficult to get personal loans and other financing for larger purchases in the future.

• Penalties for insufficient funds
  

  If you have automatic payments set up and not enough funds in your account when the payment is taken out, you may have to pay an overdraft fee or insufficient funds fee, which cost almost $20, on average.

• Longer plans with interest rates
  

  “The buy now, pay later industry is evolving,” says Rossman. “It’s not just four interest-free payments over six weeks anymore.” He explains that many companies are offering plans that may last months to a few years and, unlike smaller BNPL plans, these are charging interest rates. These interest rates are usually around 15 to 20 percent, or even higher, according to Rossman.

Gen Z was most dissatisfied with a BNPL purchase

Of those who have used a BNPL, Gen Z were most likely to have experienced problems, with 26 percent saying they regretted a purchase and 18 percent saying they were dissatisfied with at least one purchase or experience. 
 

• Millennials: Seventeen percent regretted a purchase and 12 percent were dissatisfied with at least one purchase or experience.
   
• GenX: Nine percent regretted a purchase, and 9 percent were dissatisfied with at least one purchase or experience.
   
• Baby Boomers: Eight percent regretted a purchase, and 9 percent were dissatisfied with at least one purchase or experience.

6 tips for avoiding common BNPL issues

Many BNPL problems can be better avoided by practicing smart financial habits with every purchase.

• 1. Understand your terms
  

  “Consumers should always read the fine print to make sure they fully understand the terms before they transact,” says Matt Gross, a spokesperson for Affirm, a BNPL company. “There are never any late fees or hidden charges with Affirm, but not all pay later options are created equal.”

  Each BNPL company will have different terms and options, so read your agreement in its entirety, making sure you understand your payment plan, interest rates and any fees or repercussions for late or insufficient payments. While a service may not charge a fee, they might still report the missed payment to the credit reporting agencies.

• 2. Set boundaries
  

  Some BNPL companies create protections for customers to help them succeed with their service. For example, Cash App Afterpay‘s Pay In 4 service sets low limits for new customers and allows existing customers to lower their spending limits and restrict marketing notifications on their own.

• 3. Practice delayed gratification
  

  If you can wait to buy the item, put off the purchase for a few days, weeks or even months. Giving yourself time between seeing the item and buying it will help you determine if you really want or need it, helping you avoid buyer’s remorse.

  While you wait to buy the product or service, shop around to see if you can find it cheaper somewhere else. You can also give yourself this time to save. Follow the payment plan you would’ve had using BNPL and put that money into a sinking fund for the item you wish to purchase. When you have enough money to pay in cash, you’ll feel less burdened by the purchase because you won’t have to continue paying for it once you have it.

• 4. Do your research
  

  Before making a purchase, research the company and product to make sure both are legitimate and reliable. See if the company actually has a website and that the product you’re purchasing is offered by that real company.

  Read reviews to learn more about the quality of the product or service and the overall experience customers have. Some businesses on social media ads have turned out to be scams, promising an extreme discount on a product they never deliver after purchase. Other businesses sell products that look nothing like the picture, are poor quality or take months to receive.

• 5. Have a plan for your repayment
  

  Once you know how much your installment payments will be and how long you’ll pay, make sure you include that payment in your budget. Decide how you will afford the payment. That could include cutting costs in other budget categories, pulling the money from savings or working a side hustle to create extra income. To avoid missed payments, put reminders in your calendar and consider signing up for autopay if you have a stable income and reliable cash flow.

• 6. Consider alternative options
  

  If you’re making a big purchase or want to spread your payment out over years, consider other installment loans that may have lower interest rates than a BNPL option with 14 to 20 percent rates. Depending on what you wish to finance, alternative options may include personal loans, home equity loans, auto loans or secured loans.

  If you need financing for a project that may have various or ongoing expenses, or you aren’t sure of the total amount you’ll need, consider alternatives to installment loans that offer revolving credit instead, like a low-interest credit card or home equity line of credit (HELOC). This can help you avoid creating multiple BNPL plans, which can become expensive and hard to manage.

Methodology

The Buy Now Pay Later Survey has been conducted using an online interview administered to members of the YouGov Plc panel of individuals who have agreed to take part in surveys.

All figures, unless otherwise stated, are from YouGov Plc. The total sample size was 2,354 U.S. adults, of whom 707 have used Buy Now, Pay Later services. Fieldwork was undertaken between March 19th-21st, 2025. The survey was carried out online and meets rigorous quality standards. It gathered a non-probability-based sample and employed demographic quotas and weights to better align the survey sample with the broader U.S. population.